Paris Saint-Germain have usurped Manchester City as the club with the most financial power in world football, according to the latest Soccerex Football Finance 100 report.
Bayern Munich are a distant third in the standings, while Tottenham and Real Madrid round out the top five.
Manchester United, meanwhile, have failed to make the top 10, dropping down to 16th, mainly due depreciation in squad value and an increase in cash debt.
The findings take into account a club's playing assets (A), tangible assets (B), cash in the bank (C), potential owner investment (D) and net debt (E) to give an overall Football Finance Index (FFI) score.
FFI looks at the performance of clubs in each of the five key variables identified, weighted against that variable’s percentage of the cumulative total.
FFI score for each team can be calculated as follows: (A) FFI Score + (B) FFI Score + (C) FFI Score + (D) FFI Score – (E) FFI Score.
Read on to discover the 40 most financially powerful clubs in the game today...
New England Revolution
Players Value: €19.6m | Tangible Assets: €160m | Cash In Bank: N/A
Owner Potential Investment: €205m | Net Debt: N/A
FFI Score: 0.835
Fiorentina
Players Value: €251m | Tangible Assets: €0.918m | Cash In Bank: €8.1m
Owner Potential Investment: €141m | Net Debt: €61m
FFI Score: 0.838
Fulham
Players Value: €136m | Tangible Assets: €1.4m | Cash In Bank: €9.8m
Owner Potential Investment: €240m | Net Debt: €19.4m
FFI Score: 0.875
Spartak Moscow
Players Value: €106.6m | Tangible Assets: N/A | Cash In Bank: N/A
Owner Potential Investment: €264m | Net Debt: N/A
FFI Score: 0.878
Colorado Rapids
Players Value: €14.3m | Tangible Assets: €89.2m | Cash In Bank: N/A
Owner Potential Investment: €291m | Net Debt: N/A
FFI Score: 0.892
Aston Villa
Players Value: €191m | Tangible Assets: €9.9m | Cash In Bank: €3.1m
Owner Potential Investment: €300m | Net Debt: €149.1m
FFI Score: 0.930
AC Milan
Players Value: €511m | Tangible Assets: €14.5m | Cash In Bank: €24.8m
Owner Potential Investment: €103m | Net Debt: €338.1m
FFI Score: 0.940
Everton
Players Value: €506m | Tangible Assets: €17.8m | Cash In Bank: €10.7m
Owner Potential Investment: €44m | Net Debt: €200.7m
FFI Score: 1.008
Wolves
Players Value: €333.8m | Tangible Assets: €4.3m | Cash In Bank: €2.6m
Owner Potential Investment: €190m | Net Debt: €132.6m
FFI Score: 1.025
Ajax
Players Value: €375.9m | Tangible Assets: €20.3m | Cash In Bank: €12.2m
Owner Potential Investment: €0m | Net Debt: -€46.6m
FFI Score: 1.027
Shakhtar Donetsk
Players Value: €137.4m | Tangible Assets: €169.8m | Cash In Bank: N/A
Owner Potential Investment: €169m | Net Debt: N/A
FFI Score: 1.048
Vissel Kobe
Players Value: €27.2m | Tangible Assets: N/A | Cash In Bank: N/A
Owner Potential Investment: €430m | Net Debt: €2.6m
FFI Score: 1.079
Valencia
Players Value: €495.5m | Tangible Assets: €268.6m | Cash In Bank: €11.5m
Owner Potential Investment: €49m | Net Debt: €425.9m
FFI Score: 1.087
Seattle Sounders
Players Value: €29.5m | Tangible Assets: €250.3m | Cash In Bank: N/A
Owner Potential Investment: €254m | Net Debt: N/A
FFI Score: 1.146
Lyon
Players Value: €367.7m | Tangible Assets: €399.4m | Cash In Bank: €9.2m
Owner Potential Investment: €16m | Net Debt: €282.7m
FFI Score: 1.197
Inter
Players Value: €535.9m | Tangible Assets: €19m | Cash In Bank: €45.1m
Owner Potential Investment: €170m | Net Debt: €335.7m
FFI Score: 1.200
Nagoya Grampus
Players Value: €20.5m | Tangible Assets: N/A | Cash In Bank: N/A
Owner Potential Investment: €524m | Net Debt: €8.3m
FFI Score: 1.275
Zenit
Players Value: €212.6m | Tangible Assets: €116m | Cash In Bank: N/A
Owner Potential Investment: €247m | Net Debt: N/A
FFI Score: 1.309
LA Galaxy
Players Value: €37.4m | Tangible Assets: €225m | Cash In Bank: N/A
Owner Potential Investment: €338m | Net Debt: N/A
FFI Score: 1.317
Leicester City
Players Value: €410.3m | Tangible Assets: €67.2m | Cash In Bank: €30.8m
Owner Potential Investment: €145m | Net Debt: €68.9m
FFI Score: 1.372
Monaco
Players Value: €354.3m | Tangible Assets: €7.8m | Cash In Bank: €17.3m
Owner Potential Investment: €134m | Net Debt: -€142.8m
FFI Score: 1.443
Bayer Leverkusen
Players Value: €415.3m | Tangible Assets: €84.4m | Cash In Bank: N/A
Owner Potential Investment: €190m | Net Debt: €25.1m
FFI Score: 1.551
Los Angeles FC
Players Value: €38.5m | Tangible Assets: N/A | Cash In Bank: N/A
Owner Potential Investment: €661m | Net Debt: N/A
FFI Score: 1.657
Napoli
Players Value: €625.8m | Tangible Assets: €0.3m | Cash In Bank: €118.7m
Owner Potential Investment: €18m | Net Debt: €5m
FFI Score: 1.670
Manchester United
Players Value: €753.3m | Tangible Assets: €277.3m | Cash In Bank: €273.5m
Owner Potential Investment: €164m | Net Debt: €799.8m
FFI Score: 1.743
Guangzhou Evergrande
Players Value: €76.3m | Tangible Assets: €112m | Cash In Bank: €8.4m
Owner Potential Investment: €611m | Net Debt: N/A
FFI Score: 1.853
Hoffenheim
Players Value: €234.8m | Tangible Assets: €76.9m | Cash In Bank: €49.2m
Owner Potential Investment: €410m | Net Debt: -€102m
FFI Score: 1.922
RB Leipzig
Players Value: €544.6m | Tangible Assets: €14.7m | Cash In Bank: €2.7m
Owner Potential Investment: €373m | Net Debt: €149.8m
FFI Score: 1.949
Barcelona
Players Value: €1,180m | Tangible Assets: €156.6m | Cash In Bank: €40.3m
Owner Potential Investment: €0m | Net Debt: €652.1m
FFI Score: 2.036
Atletico Madrid
Players Value: €872.5m | Tangible Assets: €379.4m | Cash In Bank: €23m
Owner Potential Investment: €62m | Net Debt: €537.9m
FFI Score: 2.049
Borussia Dortmund
Players Value: €640.5m | Tangible Assets: €195.5m | Cash In Bank: €54.9m
Owner Potential Investment: €63m | Net Debt: -€19.8m
FFI Score: 2.154
Juventus
Players Value: €864m | Tangible Assets: €162.4m | Cash In Bank: €15.3m
Owner Potential Investment: €313m | Net Debt: €539.4m
FFI Score: 2.195
Liverpool
Players Value: €1,070m | Tangible Assets: €199.4m | Cash In Bank: €11.7m
Owner Potential Investment: €80m | Net Debt: €294.6m
FFI Score: 2.616
Chelsea
Players Value: €807m | Tangible Assets: €199.8m | Cash In Bank: €35.8m
Owner Potential Investment: €365m | Net Debt: €184.4m
FFI Score: 2.893
Arsenal
Players Value: €683.8m | Tangible Assets: €480.1m | Cash In Bank: €261.5m
Owner Potential Investment: €291m | Net Debt: €271.6m
FFI Score: 3.150
Real Madrid
Players Value: €1190m | Tangible Assets: €341.2m | Cash In Bank: €190.1m
Owner Potential Investment: €0m | Net Debt: €243.7m
FFI Score: 3.336
Tottenham
Players Value: €984m | Tangible Assets: €1101.1m | Cash In Bank: €113.7m
Owner Potential Investment: €162m | Net Debt: €898m
FFI Score: 3.441
Bayern Munich
Players Value: €882.7m | Tangible Assets: €257.72m | Cash In Bank: €220.8m
Owner Potential Investment: €416m | Net Debt: €6.9m
FFI Score: 3.888
Manchester City
Players Value: €1280m | Tangible Assets: €464.2m | Cash In Bank: €31.5m
Owner Potential Investment: €647m | Net Debt: €173.2m
FFI Score: 5.197
Paris Saint-Germain
Players Value: €1,050m | Tangible Assets: €99.9m | Cash In Bank: €138m
Owner Potential Investment: €1,003m | Net Debt: -€34.1m
FFI Score: 5.318
